Overview
Polymyxins are a class of antibiotics derived from bacteria which are used to treat a variety of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. These antibiotics work by disrupting the outer membrane of bacterial cells and by interfering with the production of toxins. Polymyxins have been used to treat a variety of infections, such as pneumonia, sepsis and urinary tract infections, among others. In addition, they have found wide use in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections, especially in hospitalized patients. They have also been used to treat drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, as well as infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Polymyxins are considered a last-resort treatment, as they can damage the kidneys and can cause significant nephrotoxicity. They should be used sparingly and only in cases where no other antibiotics are effective.