Cardiovascular disease risk refers to the estimated probability that an individual will develop atherosclerotic and related cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure, over a defined period. Risk is determined by the interaction of non-modifiable factors, including age, sex, and g…
Cardiovascular disease risk refers to the estimated probability that an individual will develop atherosclerotic and related cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure, over a defined period. Risk is determined by the interaction of non-modifiable factors, including age, sex, and genetic predisposition, with modifiable factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, and diet. Quantitative risk estimation commonly relies on multivariable algorithms, notably the Framingham Risk Score and comparable tools, which integrate these variables to stratify individuals and guide preventive intervention. The underlying pathophysiology centers on endothelial dysfunction and the progressive development of atherosclerosis, in which lipid accumulation, inflammation, and plaque formation narrow and destabilize arterial walls. Research in this area examines the distribution of risk factors across populations and ethnic groups, the genetic and bioinformatic basis of coronary disease susceptibility through analysis of disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and the contribution of metabolic syndrome, depressive symptoms, reproductive history, and antioxidant micronutrient status to cardiometabolic outcomes. The peer-reviewed literature relevant to this topic also addresses pharmacological management of hypertension and culturally tailored nutrition and lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk, reflecting both the epidemiological and mechanistic dimensions of cardiovascular risk assessment.
12 peer-reviewed articles, ranked by relevance. Each links to its DOI.
The 12 articles above have been cited 145 times in the scholarly literature. Citation data via OpenAlex and Crossref, updated Jun 2026.
A sample of recent works citing this journal's research on Cardiovascular Disease Risk, linking to each citing work.