The underlying pathology of Nervous System degeneration can be considered, until now, orphan of therapy. Currently, the dogmatic concept of irreversibility of degeneration mechanisms within the Nervous System prevails. This work represents an attempt to expand the limits of therapeutic actions in the field of central vertigo.

We were encouraged by positive data obtained in a clinical trial on a case series of neurosensorial hearing loss treated with stem cell reprogramming factors (SCDSF)2. Added to this are experimental data on the regeneration of Nervous System tissue in the CA1 area of the mouse hippocampus3. Other examples of neuro-regeneration in mammals come from advanced research confirming the existence of active adult neurogenesis throughout life in specific cerebral areas: the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the sub-ventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, and the rostral zone directed towards the olfactory bulb4. Other experiences contribute to demonstrating the breaking of a dogma, such as the ability of post-natal cardiomyocytes to generate iPS cells with an acquired capacity for cardio-myogenic re-differentiation5.

The cited processes refer to the resident stem cells in adult tissues, which are involved in damage repair, including neurodegeneration, within a context of neuroplasticity6. Given these premises, it was decided to initiate an observational study on central vertigo.

The first experimental approach to the degenerative suffering of the central nervous system with SCDSF factors occurred in the context of the limbic system7. These studies, besides demonstrating their efficacy, allowed a leap beyond the reductionistic conception, both in terms of research and therapy. In fact, a selective administration of single SCDSFs, essentially small molecular weight proteins and microRNAs, did not lead to appreciable results. Conversely, the administration of the entire regenerative package, consisting of all the identified embryological factors, allows for more significant results8. This experience, which opens the way to therapy for all degenerative pathologies of the nervous system and sensors, with the exception of ALS, surely represents a turning point as the advent of epigenetics modifies certain dogmatic attitudes in biology and, particularly, in medicine9,10.

Sensory afferents reach the limbic system, so this apparatus contributes to the mechanisms of learning and consolidation of information to be memorized (verbal or semantic/declarative type) and spatial memory11. The path towards an informational, non-pharmacological therapy against the genome of a perennial cell in an epigenetic key was opened with the aid of embryological factors (SCDSF), marking a historical turning point. Later, research would reveal a readiness on the part of the epigenetic code for biophysical modulation12. The epistemological process of an informational medicine, not exclusively molecular but also biophysical, has been outlined, as described by the philosopher of Science E. Laszlo and the biologist R. Schelldrake13,14.

Central vertigo corresponds to degenerative processes that may involve brainstem structures15. Cases of central vertigo in its statistically most common form, i.e., vertigo in the migrainous16 patient, were not recruited for this study. Nor were patients with vertigo during Multiple Sclerosis, a pathology for which a dedicated study is underway by us. Symptomatology varies based on the nervous pathways involved in the management of static and dynamic balance. A particular role is recognized for the limbic system, the site of anterograde memory and spatial orientation17, often implicated at the onset of central vertigo.

The transition from physiological forms of loss of balance function mastery, such as presbyastasis18, to frankly pathological forms is often subtle19. Important signals include falls, as in cases affected by drop attacks, or ataxic gaits. It is not uncommon for the patient to complain of hearing loss, in the presence of tinnitus, a sensation of an empty head (dullness) with varying degrees of difficulty in mnemonic function, and sometimes cognitive disturbances20. Reported headaches are of a pressure type. Before therapy with SCDSF, the only notable therapies were nutraceutical and biophysical.

Let's briefly analyze the therapeutic proposals involving biophysical information. It is known in the audiological and otorhinolaryngological fields that sound offered through binaural21 acoustic prosthetics or, more specifically, proposed in sonic therapies with personalized playlists, can contribute to a therapeutic action via biophysical mechanisms22,23. It is believed that such therapies induce improvement, as observed in patients treated for long periods, through neuroplasticity mechanisms24. Immediate effects, observed after only a few seconds of sonic stimulation, suggest a modulation of electrical synapses: in auditory evoked potentials, an improvement in latencies, wave peaks, and trace clarity is noted, a sign of greater oto-neurological coherence25. Furthermore, we believe that neuroplasticity26, the long-term target, represents the essence of any feasible therapy in patients affected by neurodegeneration, in order to induce an implementation of the general performance status of all superior functions connected to the CNS.

The fact that sound proposed in digitalization, with its symbolic informational load, can increase cognitive and attention performance is not surprising to those who understand the premises of the "extended mind"27,28, concept, and/or the brain as an open system equipped with dissipative dynamics according to G. Vitiello29. Before proceeding, it must be said that different approaches to quantum physics applied to medicine result in interpretive nuances, which, however, do not change the substance of our reasoning. In such an emerging conception, the idea of the neuron as the fundamental morpho-functional unit, which was still considered by E. Schrodinger30 himself, is dismantled. The dynamics of coherence domains of the convoluted systems take over in a new physiology capable of explaining paradoxes, including the reduced energy expenditure compared to the number of computations performed by the brain31,32.

R. Penrose, Nobel laureate in Physics in 2020, supported first by Hameroff and then by Diòsi, considers the neurofibrillary system a priority in quantum computation mechanisms. This consists of about 900 grams of fundamentally protein material, in the context of which microtubules are identified as the fundamental element of physiology, at the interface between mind and brain33. These three authors describe a dynamic system where phonons, photons, and the gravitational field can maintain their correlations34. The fact that a fundamentally protein system plays a role that is not exclusively structural but also functional, in our opinion, supports the idea that this neurofibrillary system is posited as a priority target for SCDSF action35.

To stay on the topic of correlation between phenomena relevant to molecular biology and those attributable to quantum biophysics, it must be said that the two dimensions interact starting from the period of embryogenesis throughout the entire period of adult life, in health or in disease. SCDSF quickly find their affinity partners, far beyond what is expected from Brownian diffusion, suggesting that electromagnetic background effects facilitate rapid selections: this underlies the mechanisms of bioresonance36,37. In this perspective, reference is made to morphogenetic fields, capable of guiding specific cellular attractions, consistent with the thermodynamics of dissipative systems. From these considerations derives the concept of the morphogenetic code38,39,40, whose influence on cellular dynamics is supported by physical actions41.

It is believed that in epigenetics, the sectors of degeneration and oncological pathology are strictly connected. Based on what has been observed, it can be hypothesized that tumor attractors resonate close to embryonic attractors42, as tumor cells are to be considered stem cells43,44. In Quantum Field Theory (QFT), it is believed that the same symmetry-breaking mechanisms45 that regulate phenomena in particle physics and condensed matter also operate in biology. SCDSF would be able to regulate the fundamental steps of the cellular cycle, inducing electrochemical modulations and consequently the electrodynamic behaviors between the bipolar networks in the present macromolecules. These facts occur physiologically in the embryonic environment where water is in the 4th state, but also pathologically in the tumor context46.

The interactions between Energy and Matter extend throughout the entire adult age. Prof. E. Del Giudice, starting from the positions of QED47, believes that the entire "orchestration" of the electromagnetic background field determines the succession of known biochemical and biomolecular reactions48. More recently, Prof. G. Vitiello, recalling the experiment of Prof. J.L. Montagnier49, affirms that a physical ordering force field precedes the molecular structuring of the genome itself.

Given these very encouraging premises, in any case, we had to note the lack, until now, of specific therapeutic measures capable of regenerating a damaged cellular compartment, namely the neuron. Therapy with stem cell growth and differentiation factors (SCDSF), capable of reprogramming and regenerating cells of the nervous system, has opened up new therapeutic perspectives50. Neurological pathologies of a degenerative nature, with the exception of ALS, have provided the opportunity for verification. In central vertigo, leukoaraiosis51, easily detectable on MRI and correlated with central vestibular involvement evaluated through vestibology, was chosen as a marker of severity.

The classification of SCDSF and their therapeutic use have been carried out since the year 200052. In brief synthesis, these factors are involved in many cellular pathways, including signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, chaperoning, and protein synthesis and degradation53. Five phases of extraction are distinguished during the embryogenesis of the Zebra Fish; this distinction proves to be extremely useful for the clinical use of the SCDSF themselves54. The first three phases have a regenerative action, while the last two phases have genomic reprogramming actions, thus being able to induce transformations in cancerous cells, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo with clinical works55, with apoptogenic actions56, especially of phase 5, defined as oxidative, if repair mechanisms are no longer possible. The factors extracted from Zebra fish caviar are over 90% identical to human ones, which is not surprising when evaluating the interactions between phylogeny and ontogeny.

The molecular protagonists of an epigenetic code, in synergy with the morphogenetic field, allow for the regulation of a large part of molecular traffic. Recently, an independent Japanese team, Un. of Kyoto, confirmed all the contents of the epigenetic research supported by Dr.Biava and his collaborators, which underlies the use of SCDSF, pushing the limit of scientific considerations further57.

The study was carried out on a case series afferent to the Experimental Vestibology Center of the UNISED University of Milan. The in-person team consisted of a Neurologist, Otorhinolaryngologists, a Medical Researcher in Clinical Epigenetics, and two physicists tasked with evaluating the methodological rigor of all phases of the observational study. All patients had already been examined in various settings, already characterized by a diagnosis of central vertigo and therefore equipped with imaging tests, especially magnetic resonance imaging but also CT scans of the Central Nervous System, neurological and otorhinolaryngological visits, instrumental otovestibular exams (electronystagmography and stabilometry) and caloric tests, capable of evoking the vestibulo-ocular reflex according to an objective method, which earned Robert Barany the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 191459,60. All these methods are perfectly capable of establishing the centrality of a vestibular disorder. The richness of diagnostic means highlights, in greater contrast, the total absence of therapy.

For this reason, despite the completeness of the documentation already in their possession, all patients were subjected, at entry and exit, to a neurological visit and an otorhinolaryngological visit with evaluation of clinical vestibular function through the Side Bed Examination61, hot and cold thermal tests according to the Veits method62, using Frenzel glasses63 for the collection of spontaneous and provoked nystagmus. The cross-referencing of the collected data allowed monitoring the response to SCDSF therapy. Those who decided to adhere to the observational study, once informed about the lack of side effects and pharmacological interactions of the SCDSF, received a check-up at three months, chosen to reduce the risk of confounding variables related to age and answer the fundamental question: is the therapy effective or not effective?

It is reiterated that the first male patient, affected by a severe form of central vertigo with gait disturbances, disorientation, and memory issues, and who tested positive for 2^nd–3^rd degree leukoaraiosis on MRI, showed improvement after less than three months of treatment, confirming what was already observed in previous work on neurosensorial hearing loss.

The protocol for the administration of epigenetic factors was as follows:

An important clarification was given to the patients: the recommendation that the factors should be taken sublingually, so as not to expose the SCDSF to the digestive action of the gastric environment.

The protocol variation was initiated in January 2024. This became necessary due to the emergence of cases resistant to single regenerative therapy, which appeared in the second half of 2023. Four patients (no. 15 F, no. 16 F, no. 17 F, no. 18 F), while fully meeting the indication characteristics for the therapy with the aforementioned factors, no longer responded to the administration of stem cell growth and differentiation factors (SCDSF). In addition, similar resistance began to be noticed in patients affected by neurosensorial hearing loss, treated by the Authors of this work in normal clinical practice. As is easy to assume, neurosensorial hearing loss offers the opportunity to suggest what happens in the CNS in degenerative terms, in the physiological terms of primary aging like presbycusis, or pathological terms like secondary aging.

It was therefore considered that environmental pressures had emerged capable of altering the genomic reaction to the epigenetic action supported by the SCDSF. Such alterations in the functional capacity of the epigenetic code must, logically, be identified among those ubiquitous factors capable of acting universally and within a precise timeframe, corresponding to the duration of the observational study.

At this point, it was decided to open a parenthesis in the management of an ongoing case series, subjecting two additional cases, which were not introduced into the cohort of patients of the observational work, to a therapeutic variation.

As shown in Figure 1, the overall trend of the clinical efficacy of SCDSF factors in patients with central vertigo shows a clear increase after the introduction of the second protocol.

The distribution of results relating to the first protocol is shown in Figure 2. It shows that most patients responded positively, although with some non-responsive cases.

For the second protocol, Figure 3 highlights that almost all patients responded favorably to the combined treatment.

To integrate the graphical observations, Table 1 and the subsequent tables report in detail the characteristics of the case series studied, divided by protocols and age groups. These numerical data allow for a more precise quantification of the patient distribution and the demographic profiles of the treated groups.

The present work highlighted that patients who do not respond immediately to neuro-regeneration treatments with growth and differentiation factors (SCDSF) extracted in the first three phases of zebrafish embryological development can only find a regenerative response if this is preceded by a more selective cellular reprogramming therapy carried out with the same factors (SCDSF) developed for this purpose, extracted from the later phases of zebrafish embryological development; in particular, the fourth and fifth of the five described phases. We interpret such a lack of initial reactive response to the regenerative factors as due to a cytotoxic, genotoxic, but above all, "epigenotoxic" effect78. Numerous proactors in the environment are capable of creating a block in the physiological modus operandi of the epigenetic code; however, the perspective of our concluding considerations does not change: "namely that in current circumstances, it is useful to reprogram before regenerating".

The factor or factors that caused the need to modify a previous and confirmed regenerative therapy protocol in the field of neuro-regeneration certainly acted during the period of the clinical trial, at least on a national scale. Their material identification represents an arduous task, which would involve the interest of the Italian Health Institutions at the highest level and Artificial Intelligence tools. In concluding summary, SCDSF have the merit of having raised the bar of therapeutic possibilities in the field of degenerative pathologies of the Central Nervous System.

Some methodological considerations lead us to affirm that Informational Medicine and Omics Sciences, particularly transcriptomics79, are providing us with further insights for the research of adequate tools to treat emerging pathologies, especially degenerative and neoplastic ones80,81. Such pathologies cannot respond to a reductionistic approach, as demonstrated by the numerous research failures when conducted with exclusive criteria of drug-receptor interaction, thus neglecting all other possible relational dynamics. We reiterate that at the current state, any problem-solving research must, in our opinion, take into account the existence of three codes: genetic, epigenetic, and morphogenetic, being able to affirm that SCDSF interact on all three planes82,83,84.

Therapy with SCDF represents the pragmatic culmination of "a new paradigm based on the notion of a coherent informational system, an epistemological revolution aimed at restoring communication within living matter". We hope to have contributed to the breaking of some medical dogmas, with a concrete approach that suggests greater prudence in inserting physical and molecular dis-information into the harmonic context that E. Laszlo, philosopher of Science, defines and summarizes in the phrase "the Universe is energy and information"85.