The study was conducted at the Gudaya Bila district in the East Wallaga zone, Oromia region, 330 km West of Addis Ababa, which located at 105 km North East of Nekemte which is the capital town of East Wallaga (Figure 1). It is situated at 9⁰17’23’’S longitudinal and 37⁰01’28’’N latitude. Altitudinal range of the district is from 500-3500 meter above sea level. The minimum temperature of the district is 11.3⁰c, the maximum temperature is 23.36⁰C and the mean average temperature is 16.82⁰C. The annual rainfall of the district with its minimum rainfall is 1400 mm and maximum rainfall through the year is 2000 mm. The mean annual rainfall of the district is 1682.33 mm (GBDAO, 2021). The main rainy season extends from early May to the end of October. There are four seasons; autumn - short and moderate rainfall (from March to May), summer - a long wet season rainfall (June to August), spring - short dry season (September to October), and winter - a long dry season (December to February). The estimated animal population in the study area is about 81,586 cattle, 15,298 sheep, and 12,978 goats (GBAHO, 2021).

A cross-sectional study was used to determine the prevalence of helminths parasites in sheep based on two seasons (winter and summer) of year examination.

A study was done on 384 sheep chosen at simple random sampling from five kebeles (Smalll administrative unit in Ethiopia) in the Gudaya Bila district (Welenelemu, Harogodisa, Chalejima, Hagelogidami, and Bila). Gudaya Bila district have 13 kebeles from those kebeles five kebeles were selected purposefully based on the sheep production.

The sample size was determined using the simple random sampling formula given by 33 Thrusfield

Where, N = required sample size, P_exp = Expected prevalence (50%), d = desired absolute precision (0.05). P_exp = Expected prevalence (50%) is used since the other research concerned with the helminths parasites is not carried out at the study area. Accordingly, 384 samples are needed, so 384 sheep were sampled and examined.

For carrying out this research 80 people were purposively selected from the five study Kebeles. Those people selected from the study area are the sheep house holders.

A total of 384 faecal samples were collected from sheep in various locations around the districts from five designated kebeles. Faecal samples are carefully collected from the rectum of sheep using protective sterile disposable gloves into clean and placed in a sample collecting bottle and labelled 30 and then delivered to the veterinary laboratory in Gudaya Bila for the diagnosis of parasites. Approximately 3-6 gm of faecal sample was taken directly from the rectum of each individual sheep. However, freshly voided faecal samples are also taken into account, and the obtained samples are then preserved in plastic containers. All faecal samples are collected in separate cups. To prevent potential cross contamination between faecal samples, separate disposable gloves are worn for each collected sample. Faecal samples collected in the field are kept in refrigerated at 4°C, processed for the determination of parasite within 24 hours of collection 15, and laboratory examination was carried out to identify those helminths parasites that affect the health of sheep.

Data was collected through questionnaires on how the local people can control the helminths parasite traditionally and the economic impacts of those helminths on the sheep. This questionnaire was prepared in English and translated in to Afan Oromo.

Two different types of faecal qualitative testing are flotation and sedimentation were used for identification of nematodes, cestodes and trematodes. The flotation technique in saturated NaCl solution for nematodes and cestodes and sedimentation for trematode procedures are used to assess the faecal samples as a flotation agent, zinc sulphate solution was utilized (Foriet, 1999)11 was employed, and the slides prepared were examined under microscope (x10).

Data management and analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 22. Data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using proportion with P-value for chi-square test in determining the study of different groups of helminths. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation were used. The relationships between the season of infection were determined using chi square (χ²) and P value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

The livestock farmers whose animals were inspected verbally agreed to take part in the study. Informed consent was obtained from the owner of the selected sheep prior to inclusion in the study. Confidentiality of all information obtained from respondents was assured by safely and securely storing the questionnaires.

In this study a total of 80 informants 71 (91.25%) male and 7 (8.5%) female informants were involved. The age of informants ranges from 40-75. But, the majority of the informants are ranges from 50-70. Regarding the educational status, the majority of informants were not educated 59 (73.75 %) but only 21 (26.25%) are educated. Table 1

A total of 384 sheep were sampled and examined for helminths parasites and about 149 (38.8%) were found infected with one and/or more parasites.

The prevalence of helminths species that are exist at the study area in the male and female sheep from Nematoda, Trematoda and Cestoda by sex of sheep are shown in Table 2.

The frequency distribution of helminth species among sheep in the study area are shown by Table 3. The overall occurrence of helminths from the total of 384 sheep at the study area is about 149 (38.8%) are infected with one or more helminths. These include Trematodes: Fasciola species 29 (19.5%), Schistosoma species 14 (9.4%), Paramphistomum species 8 (5.4%) and, the prevalence of Cestodes: Moniezia species 9 (6.04%) and Taenia species 6 (4.02%) (Table 3), and Nematodes including Haemonchus species 22 (14.76%) Strongyloides species16 (10.74%), Nematodirus species 5 (3.3 %), Trichostrongylus species 2 (1.34 %) Table 3, andthe most prevalence species of helminths at the study area are Fasciola species 29 (19.5%), Haemonchus species (14.76%) and Strongyloides species (10.74%)and the least known species are Trichostrongylus species (1.34%) and Nematodirus species (3.3%) at the study area. Among the helminths parasites the trematoda had the highest frequency 51 (13.28%), followed by nematoda 45 (11.72%) and the least was recorded as Cestoda 15 (3.9%) (Table 3).

The mixed helminth species which can affect the health of sheep are shown in Table 4. The mixed infection of helminths at the study area accounts about 38 (9.9%) from the overall infection of helminths at the study area Table 4. Fasciola species and Haemonchus species 11 (2.86%), Taenia species and Fasciola species 8 (2.08%), Fasciola species and Schistosoma species 6 (1.6%), Moniezia species and Nematodirus species; however Paramphistomum species and Moniezia species both mixed species accounts about 5 (1.3%) and Haemonchus species and Nematodirus species accounts about 3 (0.78%) which is the least species from the mixed species. Table 4

Among the four nematodes species exist at the study area based on sex, Haemonchus species 14 (6.084) and 8 (5.195%) in females and males respectively. Strongyloides species have the second most common prevalence at the study area among the nematodes species which accounts for 9 (3.913%) in females and 7(4.54%) in males. Form the nematodes species that have the least prevalence are Nematodirus species that accounts for 3 (1.3%) in females and 2 (1.299%) in males and Trichostrongylus species that accounts for only 1 (0.65%) in male and 1 (0.43%) in female. In both male and female Haemonchus species have the highest prevalence rate among nematodes species at the study area in both sexes.

Among the three trematodes species prevalence rate based on the sex at the study area Fasciola species 18 (7.83%) and 11 (7.14%) in female and male respectively. Schistosoma species in female 8 (3.47%) and in male 6 (3.896%) and Paramphistomum species is the least common trematodes that affect sheep at the study area which account for 5 (2.174%) and 3 (1.95%) in female and male respectively. In both male and female Fasciola species have the highest prevalence rate among trematodes species.

Among the two species of Cestoda based on sex, the Moniezia species 5 (3.25%) in male and 4 (1.74%) in the female, and Taenia species accounts for 4 (1.74%) in female and 2 (1.299%) in male. The Moniezia species have high prevalence in male while Taenia species have highprevalence in female at the study area.

According to the result obtain from the veterinary laboratory from the five study kebele, the sheep is mostly affected by helminths in Hagelogidami which accounts for 57 (14.84%) from this the helminths are Fasciola species 14 (3.65%), Haemonchus species 8 (2.083%), Schistosoma species 7 (1.82%), Strongyloides species 4 (1.04%) and Taenia species 3 (0.78%) and the least species exist Paramphistomum species, Moniezia species and Nematodirus species are accounts about 2(0.52%) and mixed helminths 15(3.9%). Chalejima is the second most affected by helminths parasites which account about 37 (9.67%) Fasciola species 8 (2.083%), Haemonchus species5 (1.3%), Moniezia species, Strongyloides species both accounts about 4 (1.04%), Paramphistomum species, Taenia species, Schistosoma species are accounts 3 (0.78%) and Mixed helminths 7 (1.82%). At Chalejima the most prevalence species is Fasciola species. Welenelemu is the 3^rd affected kebele 31(8.07%) from the study area. Fasciola species 7 (1.82%), Haemonchus species 6 (1.56%), Strongyloides species 5 (1.3%), Schistosoma species 3 (0.78%) and the other species like Nematodirus species, Paramphistomum species and Trichostrongylus species have the least prevalence of occurrence at the study kebele which are accounts about 1 (0.26%) and mixed helminths 7 (1.82%). The two kebeles which are affected with helminthes in small amount are Harogodisa and Bila which are account about 18 (4.69%) and 6 (1.56%) respectively. But they are different in the occurrence of species. In Harogodisa Strongyloides species and Moniezia species accounted for 3 (0.78%), Paramphistomum species and Nematodirus species accounted for 2 (0.52%), Haemonchus species and Trichostrongylus species accounts 1 (0.26%) and mixed helminths 6 (1.56%). From all study kebeles the prevalence of helminths species in Bila is very low. Such species exist in Bila are Haemonchus species 2(0.52 %), Schistosoma species1 (0.26 %) and mixed helminths 3 (0.78%). From all species of helminths parasites at study kebele Fasciola species, Haemonchus species, Strongyloides species and Strongyloides species have the highest number of prevalence. The helminths parasites that have the least prevalence at the study kebele are Nematodirus species and Trichostrongylus species.

According to the result obtain from the veterinary laboratory from the five study kebele, the sheep is mostly affected by helminths in Hagelogidami which accounted for 57 (14.84%) from this the helminths were Fasciola species 14 (3.65%), Haemonchus species 8 (2.083%), Schistosoma species 7 (1.82%), Strongyloides species 4 (1.04%) and Taenia species 3 (0.78%) and the least species exist Paramphistomum species, Moniezia species and Nematodirus species accounted for 2 (0.52%) and mixed helminths 15 (3.9%). Chalejima is the second most affected by helminths parasites which account about 37(9.67%) Fasciola species 8 (2.083%), Haemonchus species 5 (1.3%), Moniezia species, Strongyloides species both accounted for 4 (1.04%), Paramphistomum species, Taenia species, Schistosoma species accounted for 3 (0.78%) and mixed helminths 7 (1.82%). At Chalejima the most prevalence species is Fasciola species. Welenelemu is the 3^rd affected kebele 31(8.07%) from the study area. Fasciola species 7 (1.82%), Haemonchus species 6 (1.56%), Strongyloides species 5(1.3%), Schistosoma species3 (0.78%) and the other species like Nematodirus species, Paramphistomum species and Trichostrongylus species have the least prevalence of occurrence at the study kebele which are accounts about 1 (0.26%) and mixed helminths 7(1.82%).The two kebeles which are affected with helminths in small amount are Harogodisa and Bila which are account about 18 (4.69%) and 6 (1.56%) respectively. But they are different in the occurrence of species. In Harogodisa Strongyloides species and Moniezia species accounts 3(0.78%), Paramphistomum species and Nematodirus speciesaccounted for 2(0.52%), Haemonchus species and Trichostrongylus species accounts 1(0.26%) and Mixed helminths 6(1.56%). From all study kebeles the prevalence of helminths species in Bila is very low. Such species exist in Bila are Haemonchus species 2 (0.52%), Schistosoma species 1(0.26 %) and mixed helminths 3 (0.78%). The helminths parasites that have the least prevalence at the study kebele are Nematodirus species and Trichostrongylus species.

According to the result obtain from the veterinary laboratory from the five study kebele, the sheep is mostly affected by helminths in Hagelogidami which accounted for 57 (14.84%) from this the helminths are Fasciola species 14(3.65%), Haemonchus species 8 (2.083%), Schistosoma species 7(1.82%), Strongyloides species4(1.04%) and Taeniaspecies 3(0.78%) and theleastspecies exist Paramphistomum species, Moniezia species and Nematodirus species are accounts about 2(0.52%) and mixed helminths 15(3.9%). Chalejima is the second most affected by helminths parasites which accounted about 37 (9.67%) Fasciola species 8(2.083%), Haemonchus species 5 (1.3%), Moniezia species, Strongyloides species both accounted about 4 (1.04%), Paramphistomum species, Taenia species, Schistosoma species accounted for 3 (0.78%) and mixed helminths 7 (1.82%). At Chalejima the most prevalence species is Fasciola species. Welenelemu is the 3^rd affected kebele 31 (8.07%) from the study area. Fasciola species 7 (1.82%), Haemonchus species 6 (1.56%), Strongyloides species 5(1.3%), Schistosoma species 3 (0.78%) and the other species like Nematodirus species, Paramphistomum species and Trichostrongylus species have the least prevalence of occurrence at the study kebele which are accounts about 1 (0.26%) and mixed helminths 7(1.82%).The two kebeles which are affected with helminths in small amount are Harogodisa and Bila which are account about 18 (4.69%) and 6 (1.56%) respectively. But they are different in the occurrence of species. In Harogodisa Strongyloides species and Moniezia species accounts 3(0.78%), Paramphistomum species and Nematodirus species accounted for 2 (0.52%), Haemonchus species and Trichostrongylus species accounts 1 (0.26%) and mixed helminths 6 (1.56%). From all study kebeles the prevalence of helminths species in Bila is very low. Such species exist in Bila are Haemonchus species 2 (0.52 %), Schistosoma species 1(0.26 %) and mixed helminths 3 (0.78%). The helminths parasites that have the least prevalence at the study kebele are Nematodirus species and Trichostrongylus species.

Helminths parasites of the sheep infection in two season of the year are shown by Table 3. This table also shows helminths parasite type and season at which those helminths can mostly affect the sheep with their prevalence of helminths.

Based on the data on the overall prevalence of infection during the study two different seasons indicated maximum data is obtained during summer 25.52%and about 13.28%is obtained in winter season.There is a variations in seasonal prevalence among different parasite groups, with trematodes ,nematodes and cestodes showing highest prevalence of 39.78%,24.48% and 12.24% respectively during summer season, and mixed infections recording a about the prevalence of 23.5% during summer. But in the winter season the prevalence of such species of helminths infection is 41.18%, 23.535% and 5.88%, nematodes, trematodes and cestodes respectively; the mixed infection records about the prevalence of 29.41% during winter season. Except those mixed infection the infection of each parasites groups have high prevalence during the summer season.

The cross sectional study carried out in winter and summer season result indicates that helminths species parasite mostly affects the sheep in summer season. As stated on the above table-6 mostly helminthes species are common exist in the summer season than in winter season. From 384 sheep examined about 149 (38.8%) sheep are infected by helminths parasites. From this total over all infection of parasites about 98 (25.5%) are infected in summer season and about 51 (13.3%) are infected in the winter season. Helminths species that are mostly infect sheep at the summer season are Fasciola species 23 (23.47%), Schistosoma species 9 (9.2%), Strongyloides species 9 (9.18%), Paramphistomum species 7 (7.14%), Moniezia species 7(7.14%) the mixed infection accounts about 23(23.47%); and those affect in least amount are Taenia species 5 (5.1%), Nematodirus species, and Trichostrongylus species 2 (2.14%). The most common helminths the affect sheep in the winter season are Haemonchus species 12 (23.53 %), Strongyloides species 7 (13.73 %), Fasciola species 6 (11.8%) and the mixed infection accounts about 15 (29. 4%); and those species that affect in the least amount are Nematodirus species, and Moniezia species both accounts 2(3.92%), and Paramphistomum species and Taenia species accounted about 1(1.915). Then this make that the sheep is mostly affected in the summer season than winter season by different species of helminths.

Those traditional medicines are used at the study area are Albizzia aummifera, Phytolacca dedecandria, Ruta chalepensis, Cucuribita pipo, Alluium sativum, Nicotiana rustica, Nigella sativa, Vernolia amygdalina, Zingiber officinale, Hagenia abyssinica and Momordica fetida are the medicinal plants which are used for the helminths treatments at the study area. Then such plants can use for control of helminths in sheep at the study area.

The livestock industry contributes significantly to the economy and has a great potential to help with economic growth by supplying meat, milk, other food products, cultivation power, transport, security in times of crop failure, and farm yard manure (fertility and energy), as well as playing a significant role in export commodities. But, if they can be affected by the disease there is the cause of economic loss on the product obtained from the livestock and the income obtained from them is also affected. Then the helminths disease can affect the health of the sheep by affecting product obtain from them and income through selling them.

Based on the laboratory results the helminths class that cause economic loss are Trematoda 51 (34.23 %), Nematode 45 (30.2 %), Cestoda 15 (10.07 %) and the combination of them are accounts about 38 (25.23%). Based on this Trematoda and Nematode are the highest helminths that cause economic loss, the next of them is the combination of all parasitic helminths and Cestoda is the least cause of economic loss at the study area.

According to data obtained from the people at the study area way of the helminths can affect the health of sheep are abdominal distention 27.5%, Diarrhoea 22.5%, gastrointestinal damage 21.25%, absorption of nutrients 18.5% and Gastroenteritis 16.5% (Table 4).

Table shows the economic loss caused by to helminths parasite estimation based on the response of people at the study area. Based on the data obtained from Table 5 the respondents the most economic loss caused by helminths are slow growth rate, meat production, morbidity, buying anthelminthic and death of sheep. Out of the 73,000 ETB cost lost due to helminths about 25,000 ETB and 20,000 ETB is lost through slow growth rate and meat production. Due to Morbidity and buying anthelminthic about 15,000ETB and 12,000ETB is lost. Death of the sheep can be cause economic loss about 10,000 per annual. This estimation is based on the response of the respondents. This indicate that helminths can affect the economy of the societies through affecting meat production which means decrease productivity, weight loss, buying anthelminthic, slow growth rate, death of sheep and morbidity Table 5.