Hydatidosis caused by the cestode parasite known as Echinococcus granulosus which infect the animal at larval stage(metacestode)12. Dogs are the popular definitive hosts whereas many mammalian species are intermediate hosts, including domestic ungulates and man. It is a cosmopolitan zoonotic infection 3. The disease is still a challenge for global health despite a great effort to conduct a research for controlling its transmission. In different parts of the world, Cystic echinococcosis caused by E. granulosus is a re-emerging disease in places where it was previously at low levels 45.

Echinococcus granulosus infection is widespread in sub Saharan Africa, Latin America, South Eastern and Central Europe, Arab countries and Far East countries. The main occurrence is observed in sheep and cattle raising places 6. The hydatidosis is most significant disease in livestock farming which is managed under extensive grazing system. A number of studies from different parts of Ethiopia indicated that hydatid cyst is rampant in domestic animals of the country 78. According to Abebe and Yilma (2011) a prevalence of 72.4%, 37.72%, 33.78% and 13.7% was reported in bovine slaughtered in Assella, Adama, Gonder and Dire Dawa respectively point out its significance in domestic animal production 9. The occurrence of the disease is the most common in under developed nations particularly in rural communities where there is close contact between dogs (definitive host) and various domestic animals’ intermediate hosts 10. By affecting several animal’s species, intermediate animal’s hosts and humans, the hydatidosis causes remarkable economic losses in different parts of the world particularly areas where the disease is endemic 4.

Knowledge in relation to the distribution of the diseases combined with associated risk factors as component of the epidemiology of the disease is vital for any attempt of prevention and control of the disease in question. Furthermore, determination of the economic importance of the disease is vital for decision making, planning, and implementation of local control strategies. Hence, the aims of our research were:

To know the distribution of Hydatidosis and its associated risk factor in bovine slaughtered for human consumption at Delomena district and its surrounding.

To investigates the economic importance of the hydatidosis in bovine.

A cross sectional study was conducted from May, 2019 to November, 2020 by examining animals during slaughtered at abattoir on conditions associated with hydatidosisin cattle. The study was performed to find out recent information on the animal health and economic significance of the disease in study area. The abattoir was visited three days in a week.

The data collected from the study animals were keyed in Excel (Microsoft Corporation, 2010) and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for further analysis. Data was analyzed by the SPSS statistical software. The Chi-Square test was used to evaluate the association between hypothesized risk factors and hydatidosis. The confidence level was held at 95% and P < 0.05 was used to check the significance level

In the present study the prevalence of bovine hydatidosis in Dalomana Municipal abattoir was found to be 19.1% which is comparable with the results of works conducted in Adigrat 20.3% 5, and Jimma 22 .4% 20, Konso 22.57% 21 and Nekemte 31.19% 22. The present study was less than the prevalence of Asella 72.44% 23 and 61.0%24, 62.96% around Bale Robe 25,and 59.9% Bahirdar 26, 50.29% reported by 27 from Asella, and Jimma 31.44% 28. This study was higher compared to the prevalence reported by 29(7.5%) in Shire.

The prevalence rate of 19.1% in the Dalomana abattoir was comparatively low. This might be due to the bad attitudes to have dogs so that rare contact among the cattle which are act as intermediate hosts and dogs as infected final hosts, lack of provision of infected organ of cattle to dogs and others intermediate hosts.

In general, the prevalence of hydatidosis is varied in different geographical locations. The reason could be related to the strain difference of Echinococcus granulosus parasite that occurred in different areas 30. Furthermore the prevalence of the disease could be varied in diffefent geographical due to age, body condition score, another risk factors like diversity of culture related to management of dogs and differnt socio-economical activities of diffent communities. Similar to this study, it was observed that hydatidosis was higher for older animals 331. Most of the infections were observed in cattle above eight years of age were statically significant (p value < 0.05). This might be commonly due to the fact that old animals have longer exposure time to parasite eggs. In addition, aged animals might have less immunity defence against infection 32. Our study is analogous to the study of 2118333 and 34. Hydatidosis was more prevalant in animals with medium body condition score comparatively animals with fat body conditions. This finding is similar to the finding of 35. The reason might be due to animal with medium body condition have weaker immune system to overcome the infection.

The occurrence of the disease by origin of animals was evaluated and statistically significant difference (p value < 0.05) was reported showing that geographical regions play a main task in circulation of the cysts. This may possibly due to the variation in the socio-economic category and animal husbandry practices of society in all places from where animals were transported for slaughter and regular contact of cattle with dogs.

The presence of the cyst in internal organ was different this study indicated that lung was found to be the most commonly affected organ (50.4%) followed by liver (34.5%) and this was similar with report of 3650.5 for lung and 40.6 for liver and also similar result of 54.5% and 43.5% was reported by 37 on lung and liver respectively. This study was higher than study of 38 who observed 12.5% and 4.25% prevalence for lung and liver respectively while 92.7% in lung and 53.2% in liver which is higher than this study was also recorded by 39. In this study number of cysts collected from lung 137(48.58) was greater than that collected from liver 126(44.68%) and that of spleen, heart and kidney in which 19(6.74%) was recorded. Comparable results were reported by 40, 47.04% and 44.2% for lung and liver respectively and 9.41% for spleen, heart and kidney. This might be due to the fact that cattle are slaughtered at older age, during the time the liver capillaries are dilated and most oncospheres directly pass to the lung. Additionally, the lung and liver which are most commonly infected organs might be due to the fact that lungs and livers have the first large capillaries of sites affected by migrating Echinocooccus onchosphere (hexacanth embryo) which take up the portal vein route the first large capillaries encountered by migrating blood borne onchospheres. On the other hand, progress of hydatid cysts happens intermittently in other organs like spleen, kidney and heart and other organs and tissues when onchosphers entered into general systemic circulation 4.

The annual economic loss due to the disease was estimated to be 105769.657 ETB. The finding was comparatively with the report of 42 160,032.23ETB of 43 and with annual economic loss of 841,419.3 and respectively and lower than that of the 4419,847,704.5ETB at Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise and 45 5,544,591.74 ETB in Finfine abbattoir. The economic losses was varied from the finding of others studies in the Ethiopia which might be due to the variation of epidemiology of the disease and variation in numbers of animal slaughtered in different abattoirs and also variation of prices of each organs in different places17.

The prevalence reported in the finding showed high in cattle, great impact on economic losses in the area and this might be due to numerous reasons of which keeping dogs in frequent contact with cattle. From the report finding in the present study and considering the reality in Dalomana municipal abattoir and its surrounding, the following significant activities are recommended to control the distribution of the disease and diminish its economic losses.

As it is compulsory for instigating a control programs for proper disposal of affected visceral organs freely for dogs and wild canids should be stopped and all the condemned organs should be either buried or incinerated.

The slaughter houses and abattoirs ought to be fenced to prevent definitive host animal (dogs, hyena and others) contact with condemned internal organs and carcasses.

Routine meat inspection should be performed by veterinarians.

Reduction of stray dog population should be practiced to prevent the risk of hydatidosis to farm animals.

The exact origin of the animal slaughtered at the abattoir should be properly identified and registered to investigate the geographical distribution of hydatidosis.

Awareness should be created on the knowledge of the public about the role of dogs in transmitting Echinoccosis of animal.

Slaughtering outside abattoirs practices should be controlled by enforcing the law and regulation related to meat hygiene.

Usual testing and deworming of dogs should be formed all over the country.

Advanced studies on epidemiology of the disease and economic significance of the disease should be performed to determine clear information system on hydatidosis

This study was supported by the Dalomana woreda pastoralist office and Dalomana municipital office.

The data obtained during this study is publicly available at Dello Mena municipal Annual Report of Abattoir in 2014 from pages 12-56and will available when requested.

SAJ generated ideas and coordinated the study. SZA assisted all activities related to project and write the manuscript. NTS wrote the manuscript and manages the document. JAH undertake the activity of antimortem and postmortum examination. Dr.Suresh KPN managed the project and supervises all activities. AAG managed materials and resources of research and support animal examination at abattoir. All authors read and approved

Not applicable

The ethical clearance was taken from Delo Mena agriculture office with ref no D/A/O/ 123/ 2012. Further, no loss or harm came to the study participants of this study. In addition confidentiality of data and information from this study was maintained.